{"id":1498,"date":"2025-07-05T22:50:29","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T20:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/?p=1498"},"modified":"2026-01-14T09:51:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T08:51:01","slug":"doughnut-economics-a-new-model-for-a-sustainable-21st-century-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/en\/2025\/07\/05\/doughnut-economics-a-new-model-for-a-sustainable-21st-century-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Doughnut Economics \u2013 A New Model for a Sustainable 21st-Century Economy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction: Why We Need to Rethink Economics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The 21st century challenges the foundations of mainstream economics. Climate breakdown, rising inequality, and ecological overshoot demand a new approach.<br><strong>Doughnut Economics<\/strong>, developed by Kate Raworth, proposes a shift: from a growth-focused economy to one that meets <strong>human needs within planetary boundaries<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Doughnut Economics?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Doughnut Economics visualizes a <strong>safe and just space for humanity<\/strong>: a \u201cdoughnut-shaped\u201d area where people\u2019s essential needs are met without breaching ecological thresholds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>inner ring<\/strong> represents the <strong>social foundation<\/strong> \u2013 the minimum standards for a decent life. The <strong>outer ring<\/strong> marks the <strong>planetary boundaries<\/strong> \u2013 the ecological ceiling we must not exceed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Between these two rings lies the doughnut: the sweet spot where humanity can thrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Planetary Boundaries <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Originally conceptualized by Rockstr\u00f6m et al. and later updated by the <strong>Stockholm Resilience Centre (2023)<\/strong>, the <strong>planetary boundaries framework<\/strong> now assesses <strong>nine Earth system processes<\/strong>. As of the latest research, <strong>six of these nine boundaries are already breached<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"967\" src=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Planetary-Boundaries-2023-1024x967.png\" alt=\"Planetary Boundaries graphic (2023) by Azote for the Stockholm Resilience Centre. The diagram visualizes the status of nine Earth system boundaries that regulate the stability of the planet. As of 2023, six of the nine boundaries\u2014including climate change, biosphere integrity, land-system change, and biogeochemical flows\u2014have been crossed. The circular chart uses color-coded zones (green = safe, yellow = increasing risk, red = high risk) to highlight the transgression of safe environmental limits\" class=\"wp-image-1510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Planetary-Boundaries-2023-1024x967.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Planetary-Boundaries-2023-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Planetary-Boundaries-2023-768x725.png 768w, https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Planetary-Boundaries-2023-1536x1451.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Planetary-Boundaries-2023.png 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CC-BY-NC-ND Credit: Azote for Stockholm Resilience Centre, based on analysis in Richardson et al 2023 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udf0d The Nine Boundaries:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Climate Change<\/strong> \u2013 Atmospheric CO\u2082 &amp; surface temperature remains well above safe levels<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Biosphere Integrity<\/strong> \u2013 Accelerated species extinction and ecosystem degradation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Novel Entities (e.g., plastics, chemicals)<\/strong> \u2013 Unchecked chemical pollution<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stratospheric Ozone Depletion<\/strong> &#8211; The ozonhole that protects us from UV-radiation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ocean Acidification<\/strong> &#8211; causing marine ecosystem to tip<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Freshwater Change<\/strong> \u2013 Disruption of the blue water (hydrological cycle) and green water (bound in plants and soil)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Land-System Change<\/strong> \u2013 Loss of forests and soil functions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nitrogen &amp; Phosphorus Flows<\/strong> \u2013 Overuse in agriculture leading to <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Atmospheric Aerosol Loading<\/strong> &#8211; changing moonsoon and rainfalls next to being harmful to humans<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd17 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stockholmresilience.org\/research\/planetary-boundaries.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">View full 2023 update \u2013 Stockholm Resilience Centre<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These boundaries are interconnected, and their transgression increases the risk of triggering tipping points in Earth\u2019s systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-section-3 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0c9c989a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained is-style-section-3--2\" style=\"min-height:0vh;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-346627ba wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-xx-large-font-size\" style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;padding-right:0;padding-left:0\">Host a Planetary Boundaries Workshop<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">I offer interactive workshops using the <em>Planetary Boundary Fresk<\/em> \u2013 a science-based and creative way to explore Earth\u2019s ecological limits and what they mean for us.<br>\ud83d\udce9 <strong>Want to organize a workshop for your team, university, or community?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/en\/planetary-boundaries-fresk-the-puzzle-for-a-sustainable-future\/\">Explore details of the workshop<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/en\/book-a-discovery-call\/\">Book a free discovery call now!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Integrating Doughnut Thinking into Sport, Culture, and Event Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As part of my university teaching, I developed a <strong>custom adaptation of the Doughnut Economics model<\/strong> for the <strong>fields of sport, culture, and event management<\/strong>. The adapted doughnut links common sectoral activities (e.g., food &amp; catering, media &amp; communication, transportation, water management) with <strong>social outcomes<\/strong> and <strong>ecological constraints<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SCEM-Donugt2-1024x724.jpg\" alt=\"Custom Doughnut Economics worksheet linking sport, culture, and event management activities with planetary boundaries and sustainability goals.\" class=\"wp-image-1514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SCEM-Donugt2-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SCEM-Donugt2-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SCEM-Donugt2-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SCEM-Donugt2.jpg 1123w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udc49 <strong>Download the interactive worksheet now<\/strong> to explore how your event or initiative aligns with the doughnut principles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-4d59dc2f-921c-4b16-b9c5-aac5d605247b\" href=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SCEM-Donugt-4.pdf\">PDF-Worksheet<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.regeneration-pioneers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/SCEM-Donugt-4.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-4d59dc2f-921c-4b16-b9c5-aac5d605247b\">Download PDF now<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This visual helps students and practitioners rethink the impact of their work within a <strong>regenerative and distributive economic lens<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Doughnut Economics Resonates Today<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Doughnut Economics breaks away from the outdated paradigm of GDP growth as a proxy for progress. It asks deeper questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How much is enough?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whose needs are being met?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At what ecological cost?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It offers an integrated view of <strong>sustainability, equity, and systems thinking<\/strong>, accessible for policy, education, and local action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities &amp; Threats of Doughnut Economics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Doughnut Economics presents a bold and accessible alternative to mainstream economic thinking. Like any framework, it comes with strengths, limitations, and implementation challenges. Together with one of my students, Elena Dax, we developed the following SWOT analysis to critically assess the concept and its practical potential:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2705 Strengths<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Balanced system design<\/strong> \u2013 Integrates both the needs of people and the ecological limits of the planet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Holistic perspective<\/strong> \u2013 Highlights the joint relationship between environment, society, and economy (the three E\u2019s of sustainability: environmental, economic, ethical).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accessible visualization<\/strong> \u2013 The circular doughnut model is simple and engaging, making it easier for non-experts to understand complex systems thinking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Educational &amp; inclusive<\/strong> \u2013 Encourages broader participation in economic discourse, particularly from younger generations and those unfamiliar with traditional economic theory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u274c Weaknesses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Potential oversimplification<\/strong> \u2013 The visual model can be seen as too basic to capture economic complexities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of practical tools<\/strong> \u2013 Some authors criticize that it offers no concrete policy roadmap or prioritized action steps for implementation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Western-centric perspective<\/strong> \u2013 Critics (e.g., Gudynas, 2012) argue that the model reflects predominantly Western thinking, which may limit its applicability in diverse global contexts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limited individual guidance<\/strong> \u2013 There\u2019s little orientation on how individuals or small groups can take action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udf31 Opportunities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Global adaptability<\/strong> \u2013 The model can be localized to fit diverse cultures, cities, governments, and communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Multi-level application<\/strong> \u2013 Suitable for use in business, urban development, education, and policy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Encourages innovation<\/strong> \u2013 Inspires new ways of thinking about economics, particularly among students and changemakers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Open framework<\/strong> \u2013 Its flexibility allows for new data, feedback, and evolving priorities to be incorporated over time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a0\ufe0f Threats<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lack of clear change processes<\/strong> \u2013 The steps to transition from theory to practice are vague, which can hinder implementation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Resistance to change<\/strong> \u2013 Many individuals and institutions are unwilling to give up current privileges or shift priorities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Risk of being dismissed<\/strong> \u2013 Policymakers and economists might reject it as too simplistic or radical, slowing broader adoption.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social tension<\/strong> \u2013 Systemic changes proposed by the model may create friction between different socioeconomic groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Making It Actionable: From Theory to Practice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many cities (e.g., <strong>Amsterdam<\/strong>, <strong>Brussels<\/strong>) and organizations are already experimenting with the Doughnut model for real-world decision-making.<br>It is being applied to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Urban planning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Corporate sustainability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Educational curricula<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Civil society initiatives<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The model remains open-ended \u2013 and that\u2019s a strength. It invites collaboration, co-creation, and contextual adaptation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Checkout local <a href=\"https:\/\/doughnuteconomics.org\/organisations-and-networks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">organizations and networks<\/a> that implement Doughnut Economics in their cities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion: Economics for the 21st Century<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Doughnut Economics gives us the language and the lens to ask:<br><strong>What does a thriving economy look like when we respect ecological boundaries and social justice?<\/strong><br>It doesn\u2019t promise easy answers \u2013 but it offers the space to ask better questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details>\n  <summary><strong>References<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Gudynas, E. (2012). Is doughnut economics too Western? Critique from a Latin American environmentalist. Views &#038; Voices, Analyses and debate on international development issues. Blog, Oxfam. https:\/\/views-voices.oxfam.org.uk\/2012\/02\/is-doughnut-economics-too-western\n<\/p><p>\nRaworth, K. (2017). Doughnut Economics. Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist. London: Penguin Random House.\n<\/p><p>\nRaworth, K. (2018). Kate Raworth. Exploring doughnut economics. Personal website. https:\/\/www.kateraworth.com\/doughnut\/\n<\/p><p>\nSen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.\n<\/p><p>\nSteffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockstr\u00f6m, J., Cornell, S.E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E.M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S.R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C.A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G.M., Persson, L.M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B. and S\u00f6rlin S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. In: Science 347(6223), 1259855. https:\/\/openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au\/bitstream\/1885\/13126\/3\/1259855.full.pdf\n<\/p><p>\nUnited Nations \u2013 UN (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. Document A\/RES\/70\/1. New York.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-section-3 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0c9c989a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained is-style-section-3--3\" style=\"min-height:0vh;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-346627ba wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-xx-large-font-size\" style=\"margin-right:0;margin-left:0;padding-right:0;padding-left:0\">Host a Planetary Boundaries Fresk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">I offer <strong>engaging workshops using the Planetary Boundaries Fresk<\/strong>, a science-based tool to explore Earth system limits and their relevance to our work and lives.<br>\ud83d\udce9 <strong>Interested in organizing a workshop for your university, team, or community?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Book a discovery call now<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction: Why We Need to Rethink Economics The 21st century challenges the foundations of mainstream economics. 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